History of Philippine cinema at a glance
Cinema culture came to the Philippines early with the first screening in 1897; by 1912 two films about the national hero Jose Rizal were produced by Americans. The first film by a Philippine director was Jose Nepomuceno's Country Maiden in 1919. After an American-style film studio system was installed in the 1930s, Chinese and Southeast Asian films were made in Manila, making the city Asia's cinema capital. During the Pacific War, Manila became the hub of Japanese propaganda films, such as Dawn of Freedom in 1944.
After the war, the Philippine film industry enjoyed its first Golden Age in the 50s. LVN and other major studios made many entertaining films. Lamberto V. Avellana of Child of Sorrow(1956) and Gerardo de Leon of Touch Me Not(1961) became prominent. In the 70s, after a decade of economic crisis, auteurs with a protesting spirit emerged while Marcos' administration restricted freedom of expression. Including Uno Brocka, Ishmael Bernal Mike de Lean and Marilue Diaz-Abaya, this was the second Golden Era. Brocka's Manila in the Claws of Light(1975) and Bernal's Miracle(1982) are highlights. An unknown indie filmmaker, Kidlat Tahimik. won Berlinale's FIPRESCI Award with Perfumed Nightmare(1977) in that decade.
The industry slumped in the 90s after the dictator regime, but a new wave of independent films has been born in the digital era. Cultural Center of the Philippines launched Cinemalaya film festival for young filmmakers and Brillante Ma Mendoza debuted in 2005. Some say that year marks the third Golden Era. Many stars have appeared in independent films, knowing the quality is high, a mainstream/indies blend called "Maindies". Lav Diaz of From What is Before(2014), Erik Matti of On the Job(2013) and Raya Martin of Independencia(2009) have worldwide renown.
Philippine cinema analyzed through mega-hit movie
It was tacit understanding that the Philippine film industry's market for domestic commercial entertainment films was limited to the yearly Metro Manila Film Festival.
This situation changed around the end of the century. Some "off-season" domestic films did better than Hollywood films, with the rom-com series starring Sarah Geronimo and John Lloyd Cruz increasingly popular with each release, and the most recent 2013 episode it Takes a Man and a Woman the third-biggest hit of the year. This wave led to the dark-horse hit film Starting Over Again.
Metro Manila Film Festival films have performed even better. Generating this momentum is gay actor-comedian-singer Vice Ganda. His debut Petrang Kabayo(2010) was a huge hit, his second film The Unkabogabte Praybeyt Benjamin was the number one 2011 domestic film, and his latest The Amazing Praybeyt Benjamin(2014) marked the all-time highest box-office in Philippine filmhistory. He is uncontested at this point.
Ganda's films have been distributed exclusively by a new company called Star Cinema, a subsidiary of major TV company ABS-CBN. Because the mostpromising films tend to go to a powerful distributor, the top ten in recent years have been. almost exclusively, Star Cinema films.
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